INVESTIGATING THE KARAKORAM ANOMALY AND ITS IMPACT ON PAKISTAN’S WATER SUPPLY

Abstract

The Karakoram Anomaly refers to the unusual stability or advancement of glaciers in Pakistan’s Karakoram Range, contrasting global glacier retreat due to warming. This study uses a qualitative, integrative approach—including literature review, climate and hydrological data, remote sensing, and fieldwork in Gilgit-Baltistan—to analyze climatic, topographic, and glaciological factors affecting Pakistan’s water resources. Findings indicate that increased winter precipitation, stable summer temperatures, debris cover, and microclimatic conditions positively influence glacier mass balance. Stable glacier flows sustain the Indus Basin’s irrigation, hydropower, and water supply. However, this balance is fragile; slight climate shifts could disrupt water availability and increase flood risks. The study underscores the need for enhanced glacier monitoring, adaptive water management, and resilience planning in the region.